Aurang Zeb Alamgir

 Aurangzeb Alamgir 

(15th Ze-Qa'dah 1027 AH 3 November 1618 - 28th Zee-Qa'dah 1118 AH 3 March 1707 AD) The last great crown prince of the Mughal dynasty in India who ruled from 1069 AH / 1658 to 1118 AH / 1707 AD.  He was the third eldest of Shah Jahan and from the womb of  princess Mumtaz of the castle.  Born at Dohd in Gujarat.  He studied Arabic, persian, Qur'an and Hadith.  His mother tongue was Urdu, but he was also fluent in Hindi and Turkish. In 1050 AH / 1636, Shah Jahan appointed him ruler of the religion, but on the occasion of the revolt of his elder brother Dara Shikwa, in 1054 AH / 1644,   He left the government of religion.  The next one was called the ruler of Gujarat .  1067 In 1947, Shah Jahan sent him to manage Badakhshan.  Here he rejected many of the rebellions of Izqabal.  In 1059-1649, the two marched on Kandahar to free it from the Iranian siege.  But unfortunately Kandahar had already fallen into the hands of the Iranians before its arrival. In 1062 AH / 1652, it tried again but failed.  In this case, the member was sent back.  He made successful attempts to incorporate it into the Mughal Empire of Golkonda in 1656 and Becha Pur in 1657, but on the knowledge of Shah Jahan he had to abandon these campaigns. In September 1657, Shah Jahan took the throne.  And the battle for the throne increased among his sons.

In June 1658, Aurangzeb imprisoned Shah Jahan in the castle of Agra, where he remained imprisoned until his death in 1666.  On July 31, 1658, Aurangzeb took over the title of Alamgir and began his rule over the Mughal Empire.  Aurangzeb spent most of his long reign in various campaigns. In 1662, he laid siege to western Assam, which he lost in 1667.  In 1666 he had to pay more attention to the uprisings of Chittagong and in 1667 individualized rebellions of Kabul.  In 1679, he made two successful attacks on the kingdoms of Marwar (Jodhpur) and Mewar (Odhepur).  The marwar came under his control but a peace treaty was signed with Mewar in 1681.  In 1685 he again successfully invaded the states of Bijapur and in 1686 the states of Golkonda and annexed them to the Mughal Empire.  Thus, for the first time, the Mughal Empire spread from the coast of Chittagong to the foothills of the Hindu Kush.  

He spent the rest of his life in the administration of the empire, but unfortunately it did not prove to be a surprise.  The constant absence from the center did not allow the local chiefs to raise their heads, especially the Marhats, did not take him rest.  Unlike Akbar, Aurangzeb was a devout sunni Muslim .  While his brother Darashikwa is considered to have these beliefs.  He tried to enforce Islamic law in the light of the future.  In this regard, he made numerous changes in the judiciary and compiled a collection of fatwas from different parts of Qom.  As a result, many liberal Muslims and fanatical Hindus turned against it.  The biggest objection to the Muslims was that Aurangzeb had ordered the removal of the letters of the Kalima Tayyaba from the coin, and the Hindus were angry that he had sacrificed and repealed Akbar's laws on Hindus style islam. 

He has spoken out against it and made allegations against the temple.  Aurangzeb wanted India to become a single empire where non-Muslims would either convert to Islam or remain a knife.  To this end, he ordered the issuance of a unitary system, which was opposed by the non-Muslim majority, and when he died at Ahmednagar, there were riots in every corner of India.  The greatest mistake Shah Jahan did in his last years was that he divided his kingdom into sons, so that as soon as he sick, each son tried to take over the whole kingdom.  Although Daru-shikwa was the glorious crown prince and the black and white ruler of the empire, he was terrified of Aurangzeb.  He always incited Shah Jahan against Aurangzeb and did not allow any of his campaigns to succeed but nature approved of something else.  He started a war with Aurangzeb.  In which he suffered a crushing defeat.  Immediately after the sacrifice of this campaign, Aurangzeb turned his attention to the other brothers and after conquering them, he turned his attention to the administration of the kingdom.