Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

(5th ZILHAJ 17/232 October 1817- 5th Zee-Qa'dah 1315 AH 27th March 1898) The great scholarly leader of the Muslims and the founder of Aligarh University  Born in Delhi to a dervish man Mirtaqi son of Syed Hadi . His predecessors came to India from Herat during the reign of Shah Jahan.  Naqshbandi's father was a disciple of the elder Shah Ghulam Ali and grand father Dabir-ud-Dawla Amin-ul-Mulk khawja Farid-ud-Din Ahmad Khan was a brave reformers warriors. who was the supredent in kolkata of a company and then the minister of Akbar Shah Sani.  From his childhood, Syed Ahmad Khan used to go to the king's court with his father.  Syed Ahmad Khan was mostly trained by his mother who was a very intelligent woman.  The religious atmosphere of his childhood had a profound effect on him. There were two major centers of Islamic studies in Delhi in those days.  One was the teachings of Shah Abdul Aziz, the other was the monastery of Shah Ahmad Ali, the successor of Mirza Mazhar Janjanan, and Syed Ahmad Khan benefited from both. Shah Ghulam Ali named him Ahmed and his Bismillah Ceremony was also performed by Shah Sahib. Syed ahmed khan was also educated on the old principles. Firstly recite Holy Quran then read books of persian for example karemman, khaliq bari amid nama, gulistan and bostan .   In Arabic he studied some part of  Shara mula, shara tehzeeb, muhtasir maufi, and malool.  He studied Hinduism and mathematics with his uncle Zainul Abidin Khan and medicine with Hakim Ghulam Haider. 

 He was 22 years old at the time of his father's death.  At that time his uncle Khalilullah Khan was also the president of Dehli.  He also became obligated to him as a relative.  After that, there were suitable secretaries in the commissioner's office in Agra.  In 1841, after passing the examination of Munsifi, and became the judge in Mainpuri and then, while progressing, he became a judge small case (Musif Adalat became secretive) and due to this status he lived in Fateh pur saikri, Delhi, Rehtak, Bajnor, Murad abad, Ghazi pur, Ali ghar and for  short period in Banaras and in 1879 he also went to England.  He left his job in 1876 and settled in Aligarh to fulfill his mission.  He was given the title of "by the government of the day".  That is why he became known as Sir Syed.  In 1878 he was elected a member of Imperial Council.  He was a member of the Education Commission in 1882 and was nominated a member of the Public Service Commission in 1887.  In 1888 he received the title of CSI.  In 1889, the University of Edinburgh awarded him an honorary degree in LED.  In the last few years, his health was very bad and he continued to work in the same condition and eventually passed away.

Sir Syed had spent forty-five years of his service with a great barber.  During this time he devoted time to government duties as well as writing and composing and promoting science, but when he saw government service as an obstacle to his mission, he turned his back on it and became active as a religious and national reformer.  Sir Syed's life comes to us in three ways.  He was also a writer, a protester and a national leader.  As a writer, he specializes in history and religious discourse.  His famous column is related to these subjects.  He wrote these books related to these subjects. During the job he wrote these books: 

Intahab ul ahween( summary of Qawaid dewani)

Qoul mateen Dar ul abtaal harkat zameen

Tasheel fi Jarsaqeel

Risala'e asbab baghawat e hind

or Asar u sanadeed  (1847) which is the research history of Delhi and new Delhi. After seen this he bacame the fellow member of  Royal asiatic society of London. In addition, Sir Syed published 

Ayen akbari and Tareekh feroz Shahi  published  Tazak Jahangiri  and compiled Tarikh Sarkashi Bijnor.  

Religiously, Sir Syed was mostly influenced by Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi and Shah Ismail Shaheed.  Therefore, he wrote the treatise Rah-e-Sunnat-o-Bidaat (1850) on the method of campaigning for unity and refutation of the followers of Taqlid.  That is to say, if there is only improvement by removing the hatred of the Yazidis and the Muslims, then they resorted to writings to make the relations between the Muslims and the Christians pleasant.  In 1866, he also founded the Scientific Society, which published the newspaper "Aligarh Institute". After his employment, Sir Syed published a pile of fruitful works.  Prior to that, he wrote a sermon in response to Sir William Mayer's book, Life of Muhammad, the khutbat e Ahmadiyya published in (1870), after which he wrote the Tafsir al-Qur'an, which remain incomplete. He was able to write up to seventeen paras that he passed away. 

Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq was launched which started on December 24, 1870 and closed after six years. Its second period is two years and five months.  And the third period is three years.  The magazine, along with other writers, also touched on Sir Syed's articles, which mostly focused on curd, reform and national goals.  As a peacemaker, Sir Syed was the first to realize the need for Jadeel-ul-Kalam.  This was a time when scientific and material progress was in full swing in the West and Europeans had placed religion and science in two separate compartments.  It was also affecting Muslims.  The second major danger was the growing influence of Christian leaders, and the third was the misconceptions in the hearts of Muslims themselves about what the Orientalists were saying, and that Islam was an irrational religion.

At that time, Sir Syed laid the foundation of Jadeed ilm-ul-Kalam, on the basis of which Pacer Syed has tried to prove all the contents of the Qur'an according to mind and science.  He has called all the Qur'anic instructions regarding the reckoning balance, heaven and hell as metaphors and allegories.  Iblis and the angels categorically denied that Jesus was born as a father and resurrected on easy terms and that he was considered a creature of the kind of jinn and ghosts. Because of these actions of Sir Syed, they were accused of blasphemy.  Muslims are once again making their mark in the world.  Of course, there may be many objections to Sir Syed, but it is important to acknowledge that whatever Sir Syed did for the betterment of the nation, I will make it clear that he will not give up imitation.  And especially if we look for the method that is derived from the Qur'an and Hadith and confront religion with the current sciences, then the religion of Islam will be deprived of India. It is benefactor who has provoked me that i do all kinds of research and do not care about imitation and you do not know very well that in my opinion the imitation of Maulvi Geo besides the imams is enough to remain a Muslim. La ilaha illa Allah, the Messenger of Allah, the purity of the deceased is that no impurity remains.  Although Sir Syed has disagreed with the majority of scholars on many issues, we see in history that this disagreement has been made by great scholars and elders and if he is considered a kaafir on the basis of differences, then any notable entity in Islam is a Muslim, Does not live.  

Sir Syed also had a profound effect on Urdu literature.  Thanks to him, a new school was started which started writing prose in a simple and smooth manner and began to express rationality and purpose, themes and comprehensive issues in a common sense manner.  Introspection and three branches of criticism were launched in Urdu.  He was the founder of scholarly and serious prose writing in Urdu, which was greatly developed by his comrades.  Now I have found the truth and the movement of nature has taken over, on the basis of which I have also been called Naturie (inferior nature).  The most important deed of Sir Syed, the leader of the nation, is the intellectual movement of faith. The suffering of Muslims lies in the perfect educational development and then he became active for it. On his return from London, he set up a committee for aspiring Muslim education.  He started a school by writing articles on the subject of education. In May 1875, this school was inaugurated in Aligarh.  Two years later, in January 1877, he was admitted to the college, and college education began the following year.  It was a kind of residential teaching, so there were hotels with it.  The students were trained in every way. It was a college to say the least but an important political center of the Muslims. Syed Ahmed khan's political services are noteworthy. He also announced the two nation ideology. This was due to the quarrel between urdu and hindi languages and the Syed who was first a believe in the unity of religion went to force to get separate political rights for muslims. His training ground in politics was Aligarh college. Although this college could not produce great scholars like sir syed had said that philosophy will be in our right hand and natural science will be in our left hand and the crown of the word will be on our head . But such students came out trained and proved to be experts in the political field.

 As far as Sir Syed's character is concerned, no one has ever been against him.  The faithful were sincere and clean.  His motto was straightforwardness and righteousness.  He used to say, "Half climbed wahabi."  He meant that he did things as he see fit.  Now if people misunderstand them, it doesn't matter.  It was not difficult for him to do anything for himself with the power he gained.  He was such an important figure that the government could have taken a permanent state as a fiefdom from time to time, but according to Arnold, "he had a house to live in and not to die, and when he died not a single penny came out of the house to bury him."  ۔  What else was the forehead Qalandari?  ‘‘.